THE BAG CALTANISSETTA Salvatore Vaiana
Pubblicato su Incontri , rivista del Rotary Club di Caltanissetta, giugno 2008.
Il 12 novembre del 1820 scoppiò a Canicattì la prima cosiddetta rivoluzione contadina (in realtà una jacquerie) di cui si abbia memoria. Essa fu la conseguenza dell’eccidio premeditato they were victims of several people who were demonstrating against the exorbitant tax and exploded shortly after the separatist movement on 14 July of that year, which were the main character is the nobility that the bourgeoisie Carbonaro-Masonic, have arisen against Bourbon absolutism, and the Craft, victims of a depressed state of the economy.
The Carbonari had spread in the Kingdom of Naples after 1805. The historic Nino Cortese had confirmed the presence of the Carbonari in several Sicilian provinces in his study The Sicilian Carbonari Abela and 1819, and more recently Salvatore Lupo wrote that "during the Risorgimento conspiracy existed an underground network inspired by the Freemasons la sua filiazione, la carboneria»(1). Anche in provincia di Girgenti vi era una significativa presenza di vendite carbonare. Giuseppe Carlo Marino parla di «alcuni nuclei carbonari dell’agrigentino» fra cui l’«Unione Italica di Canicattì» (2). A Naro e Canicattì alcuni seguirono il siracusano Gaetano Abela, che operava per un’adesione delle province siciliane alle richieste dell’indipendenza da Napoli e della Costituzione del 1812. Seguaci di Abela erano Baldassare Gaetani di Naro e Antonio Brutto e Antonio Racalbuto di Canicattì. I carbonari canicattinesi, scrisse un anonimo cronista canicattinese, andavano addirittura «ne’ paesi circonvicini ad ammaestrare altri Carbonari, ed aprire logge, and sales' (3).
The Carbonari, in the opinion of Dominic Riolo, a prominent Freemason Narese, "was intended to end the destruction of the monarchical governments and replace it with a national government linked together as a confederation and swore eternal hatred to the government unconstitutional and it was meant to avenge insults made to suffer with Italy, which was to ensure independence '(4). It was organized along the lines of the Masonic lodges, in sales, sales, mothers and high sales. According to Riolo "sales were not that old Masonic Lodges with whom they shared much in form, in the rites, oaths, the rights and duties." A feedback link dell'ipotizzato Carbonari-Freemasonry is the membership of the Freemasons is Narese Ignatius Mirrors carbonara is the sale of "Beati Paoli." Carbonara was the ruling class Canicattì, coming mostly from families Gangitano, The Lomia, Testasecca, Lombardo, Adam (families of large estates and occupations, among which we distinguish the bourgeois and the barons Gangitano The Lomia). It was to head the separatist movement in 1820. When it exploded, Mayor of Canicattì was Don Joseph Gangitano and 'prosegreto' after 'the renunciar Don Raymond Gangitano, "Fr Peter Palumbo.
In the regional framework, one of the souls of the motion was the prince of Fiumesalato Salvatore Galletti, better known by the title of Prince of San Cataldo. At the head of an improvised army of peasants and ex-prisoners, marched to the Prince of Caltanissetta to push the people to join the independence cause, but the negative response to a conflict on the verge of real civil war.
The army of the prince was reinforced by teams of 'nuclei Carbonari "from Girgenti (where he acted cappuccino between Joshua Pennica, who urged the people to cry" or Independence or Death', 'hats off') and other nearby villages, including Canicattì.
Here, to prepare a makeshift squad of soldiers in arms, financed by men belonging to the Carbonari, was the President of the new deputation, Don Luigi Brutto, assisted by members Gangitano Don Salvatore, Gaetano Baronello Adam, Don Gaspar Cascio, Don Nicholas and Don Giuseppe Safont Grifo. On 10 August, the group marched to San Cataldo to join the army of the Prince.
"On Thursday morning, the President said, and deputies" says the anonymous "they became ready to be affluent and wealthy individuals, the sum of 400 ounces in the name of the mortgage, you had a good collection of explosions, and from this later lunch about 200 people including about 50 on horseback, all well armed, with enough salary of those cones and 400 ounces for the pay of 'these, those of chivalry tan 5 per day and those of infantry tan 3 a day and evening were from San Cataldo said Mr. Prince, received with much jubilation, having marched with the same Testasecca Don Giovanni and Don Nicholas Adam can Capitanio and many other gentlemen, and masters' (5).
Three days after the armed horde of vengeful prince came to Caltanissetta and massacred the nisseni with unprecedented ferocity and then raided the city and the surrounding countryside. Here's the guide that the Bloody Sunday did our reporter:
"said A 13 August 1820 - Sunday morning s'intese Caltanissetta which was won by our people, the night before, behind the attack Kotor principality Babbagurra to where the army of about 400 men of Caltanissetta was chased and persecuted by our armed to align walls of Caltanissetta, pursued the fight of our army until 4 am and then began to come in Caltanissetta where almost everything up to this day Sunday continued the looting had devastated and not discassate puoche Preses houses and shops and everything in them there was a mobile, gold, silver and other haberdashery pannime '(6).
Hope independence of the nobles, gentry and artisans Canicattì would not last long: 7 September already come from the royal army attacked Messina in San Giuliano canicattinese putting the team on the run. News came in Canicattì, panic for the foreseeable enemy retaliation spread like wildfire: "It discouraged them all Members, the President, and the population. The evening became fana for the whole town and everyone runde from all walks of people, PEL outside that country. " With vile act "Don Baron Augustine Lomia, Gangitano Don Ramon, Don Diego Gangitano, Donna Joseph Gangitano with their families, and so many other people, who andiedero elder in the country, and who in Convicino countries, leaving their homes in abandonment 'abandoning the poor people to a fate of certain and violent retaliation. But faced with this unacceptable cowardice, the people had a firm reaction and threatening.
"The people got down to fear, and seeing them the country's primary elder had gone, began to murmur that after lunch or come here or if the case goes to Brugh, and order of the President shall promulgate the call or to-morrow morning at 12 o'clock you will find here, or if the burn homes, and that order was issued the order of the president, without knowing why - that having heard - immediately went to find the auctioneer with a large crowd of people in the square of Borgalino and ordered that the notice was to be only the wealthy refugees come to and then began to plead, saying that this was his order and not the fire that they said " (7).
On 8 September, the council of the people decided that a delegation of local authorities so that they met the general Costa "suspend to come here [to Canicattì] give a lot, since this population had declared itself in favor of the sovereign, and regretted that he had made, for fear, desiring independence. " They were eventually sent two messengers to seek pardon, acknowledging that "for fear that the error was committed." Canicattinesi I finally got "pardon and peace" but "were fined 'heavily.
High Carbonari of local ruling class, the Gangitano, La Lomia, the Lombard and the other disliked by the people, they recovered without any hesitation the mask Bourbon. Already on October 8, Don Antonio Gangitano, "eager to rule, news of the peace agreement, said arm about 30 people with bangs and potentially claimed back in the office of district judge." With this large and eloquent "armed gang" the day after he went to the town hall and forced the deputies and the district court to withdraw from their posts.
not had the same luck the Carbonari other insurgent centers of Sicily, where there was a heavy crackdown on the followers who were also victims of canicattinesi Gaetano Abela: Bad Antonio, Antonio Racalbuto, Gaetano Lauricella, Gaspare Bonavia, Francesco English Paul Pontillo Pagliarello and Master Sebastian. On October 29, were arrested in Palermo General Abela, Louis Brutto, Vincenzo Gaetani and Philip Stella, who, for being "against the weapon realism, were taken to the Castle to the sea and for them the first three days in a shirt and stiedero canvas shoe. " ___________________________
NOTE 1 - S. Wolf, History of the Mafia from its origins to the present day , Roma, Donzelli Editore, 1996, p. 59.
2 - GC Marino, libertarian socialist Saverio Friscia, Palermo, Istituto Gramsci Siciliano, 1986, p. 42.
3 - Chronicles Canicattì 1792 to 1852, anonymous manuscript, written Caesar Gangitano, Napoli, 2003.
4 - M. Riolo Cutajar, Fragments , Palermo 1989, p. 498.
5 - Chronicles Canicattì 1792 to 1852, op. cit.
6 - Ibid.
7 - Ibid.
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TORINO - From the right: Giancarlo Caselli, Francesco La Licata, Giuseppe Carlo Marino, Diego Guadagnino, Vaiana Salvatore, Francesco Lucania .jpg)
LONDON - From left: Giancarlo Caselli, Antonio Ingroia, Marco Travaglio .jpg)
LONDON - From left: Giuseppe Carlo Marino, Antonino De Francesco 
Canicatti '- Speech by Salvatore Vaiana 
Prizzi - Speech by Salvatore Vaiana 
CALTAGIRONE - Poster 
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